As in the case of the equipment, the competition for market share is also extreme in terms of trying to demonstrate what type of training is more effective. Research becomes expensive due to the number of different approaches and ways to affect brain activity. Even when all the methods target regulation, each methodology claims to obtain better/faster/more permanent results depending on what is reprogramed.

Here is a brief description of the different methods:

• Amplitude training (SMR, Alpha/Theta, etc): amplitude training is the most traditional way to address the dysregulation on brain activity. It takes care of the excess or lack of energy fired by the neurons at specific frequencies. It's the simplest way to train, normally done with only 2 sensors connected, and calculating the threshold only by the reporting of the client. It takes much longer to achieve results.

• Coherence training: Limited communications pathways from the front left to the left rear of the brain can impair short-term memory. Hyper-communication along pathways in the front of the brain can result in difficulty in handling incoming information, leading to an inability to organize and execute tasks and assignments. Coherence training improves communication pathways between regions of the brain.

• Z-scores training (2 channel & 4 channels): uses a normative database to identify and target a specific individual's area of dysregulation allowing for faster and more effective treatment.

• Z-scores sLoreta training (low-resolution electromagnetic tomographic analysis): signals detected at the scalp relate to actual local brain activity. Loreta links EEG activity detected at the surface of the scalp with the area of the brain's cortex that gave rise to that activity. LORETA uses mathematical models to convert data read by the EEG into thousands of spatial regions referred to as voxels which make up the 3D volume of the brain. It then uses a normative database to compare in real-time the activity of the client to give feedback to the brain of optimal performance. This modality is the fastest solution when the client's brain has enough capacity to adjust many factors at once.

• Infraslow fluctuation (ISF) training:  Infra-slow Fluctuation (ISF) electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback is a recent development in neurofeedback training. This form of training is focused on the lowest energy the brain produces (< 0.1 Hz). The intervention is performed with a Direct Current (DC) coupled neurofeedback amplifier. It is distinct from Slow Cortical Potential (SCP) training and Infra-Low Frequency (ILF) training. It shares a similar optimization process with ILF that focuses on emergent state shifts within sessions. These state shifts require frequency adjustments that optimize client response to the training in real-time. It has effects and improvements in physiology and homeostasis.

• Slow cortical potential (SCP) training: SCPs are very slow shifts in the EEG near to 0 Hz, typically generated in an event-related design for several seconds. A negative shift reduces the excitability of the underlying cortical area while a positive shift is understood as inhibition of excitation and/or consummation of energy. Currently, it is limited to only certain disorders (ADHD and epilepsy).

• Infra-low Frequency (ILF) training: does not rely on ‘operant conditioning.’  Rather, this approach works by showing the brain a reflection of its own activity, like a mirror, and letting the brain do what it wants or needs to, relying on the principle that the brain has the capacity to ‘fix’ itself (self-healing as every other cell in the body)